To Be or Not to Be
A sharp-witted wartime satire where greasepaint meets the Gestapo, blending high-stakes espionage with screwball vanity to reveal the absurd mask of tyranny through a kaleidoscope of theatrical deceptions and defiant laughter.
To Be or Not to Be
To Be or Not to Be

"The Picture Everyone Wants to See"

06 March 1942 United States of America 99 min ⭐ 7.8 (789)
Director: Ernst Lubitsch
Cast: Carole Lombard, Jack Benny, Robert Stack, Felix Bressart, Lionel Atwill
War Comedy Romance
The Performativity of Power Art as Resistance Vanity vs. Valor Deception and Identity
Budget: $1,200,000
Box Office: $1,500,000

To Be or Not to Be - Characters & Cast

Character Analysis

Joseph Tura

Jack Benny

Archetype: The Egotistical Hero
Key Trait: Incurable Vanity

Motivation

Driven by a mixture of patriotic duty and the desperate need to prove he is a "great, great actor" to his wife and the Nazis.

Character Arc

Tura begins as a "ham" actor obsessed with his reputation. Through the war, he transitions from seeking applause on stage to seeking survival through performance, eventually proving that his acting skills can save lives.

Maria Tura

Carole Lombard

Archetype: The Clever Ingenue
Key Trait: Radiant Wit

Motivation

Motivated by a desire for excitement, a love for her husband, and a fierce loyalty to her country.

Character Arc

A glamorous star who uses her charm to navigate danger. She manages a delicate balancing act between her husband's ego and the romantic advances of Sobinski, eventually becoming a key operative for the resistance.

Lieutenant Stanislav Sobinski

Robert Stack

Archetype: The Romantic Catalyst
Key Trait: Earnest Idealism

Motivation

To protect Maria and fulfill his duty as a Polish airman in the RAF.

Character Arc

Initially a lovesick pilot who treats the war like a romantic adventure, he is the bridge between the resistance and the theater troupe, forcing the actors into the real world.

Colonel Ehrhardt

Sig Ruman

Archetype: The Buffoonish Antagonist
Key Trait: Pompous Incompetence

Motivation

Maintaining his status and surviving the internal politics of the Nazi party.

Character Arc

The stereotypical "Concentration Camp" Ehrhardt remains static as a bumbling bureaucrat whose primary fear is disappointing Hitler, serving as the perfect foil for the actors' schemes.

Greenberg

Felix Bressart

Archetype: The Conscience
Key Trait: Quiet Dignity

Motivation

To finally play a "great part" that speaks the truth about his humanity.

Character Arc

A bit player who dreams of playing Shylock. He provides the film's moral weight, delivering the famous "Hath not a Jew eyes?" speech in a real-life confrontation with the Nazis.

Cast

Carole Lombard as Maria Tura
Jack Benny as Joseph Tura
Robert Stack as Lieut. Stanislav Sobinski
Felix Bressart as Greenberg
Lionel Atwill as Rawitch
Stanley Ridges as Professor Alexander Siletsky
Sig Ruman as Col. Ehrhardt
Tom Dugan as Bronski
Charles Halton as Producer Dobosh
George Lynn as Actor-Adjutant
Henry Victor as Capt. Schultz
Maude Eburne as Anna
Halliwell Hobbes as Gen. Armstrong
Miles Mander as Major Cunningham
Rudolph Anders as Gestapo Sergeant at Desk at Top of Hotel Stairs (uncredited)